NCLEX-RN Exam Questions - Part 64

1. Right Answer: D
Explanation: Explanation -(A)Anuriais defined as absence of urine output, which is not indicative of the urinary pattern of diabetes insipidus. (B)Oliguriais defined as <500 mL of urine per day, which is not a urinary output pattern associated with diabetes insipidus. (C)Dysuriais defined as difficult urination. Clients with diabetes insipidus do not have dysuria as a symptom of their disease. (D) Polyuria is a primary symptom of diabetes insipidus. These clients have decreased or absent vasopressin secretion, which causes water loss in the urine and sodium increases.

2. Right Answer: A
Explanation: (A) Whole blood is the transfusion component of choice when large volumes of blood need to be replaced. Whole blood contains all blood components that are lost during active bleeding. (B) Platelet therapy is indicated for thrombocytopenia if the clients platelet count is below 15,000/mm3. (C) Infusion of fresh frozen plasma is required when the prothrombin time and partial thromboplastic time are prolonged. (D) Packed red blood cells are transfused in instances of anemia with decreases in hematocrit and hemoglobin.

3. Right Answer: C
Explanation: (A) Sodium polystyrene sulfonate administration will not increase serum magnesium. Hypermagnesemia is virtually unknown except for clients in renal failure. (B)Sodium polystyrene sulfonate administration is not known to increase serum bicarbonate. (C) Decrease in serum potassium, the expected response of sodium polystyrene sulfonate, is secondary to the binding of this drug and potassium in the colon, and potassium is removed through the feces. (D) Serum calcium may actually increase with sodium polystyrene sulfonate administration, especially if calcium chloride is administered concurrently with this drug.

4. Right Answer: C
Explanation: Explanation -(A) Kussmauls respirations are associated with diabetic ketoacidosis, severe hemorrhage, peritonitis, renal failure, and uremia. (B) Tachypnea (respiratory rate>25 breaths/min) is often associated with fever. (C) Cheyne-Stokes respiratory pattern is most often associated with increased intracranial pressure secondary to changes in pressure in the cerebral and cerebellar areas. (D) Biots breathing is most frequently associated with spinal meningitis.

5. Right Answer: B
Explanation: (A) Potassium intake that meets the recommended daily allowance is important, especially in clients who have a history of cardiac disease. (B) Low levels of magnesium can cause an increase in resistance to insulin and can lead to carbohydrate intolerance. (C) Sodium is an important electrolyte for all clients but has no direct effect on diabetes mellitus. (D) Bicarbonate plays an important role in acid-base balance. It is equally necessary for maintenance of all body functions.